Supplementary Video 1. Formation of aggregates and upregulation of virulence genes. Representative confocal microscopy video of 3 biological replicates of HeLa cells infected with Lm-dsRed-PactA-GFP MOI=20 for 2 hours. Video show the formation of bacterial aggregates and upregulation of virulence gene expression as shown by increased GFP expression. Scale bar 5 μm.